過節不如學習。
這幾年每到端午，就有一種說法，不能祝福“端午快樂”，只能說“端午安康”。真的是這樣嗎？
算了，還是都不說了。給大家拜個早年！過年好！
無註釋原文：
The History of the Dragon Boat Festival
ThoughtCo.
The Dragon Boat Festival is called Duan Wu Jie in Chinese。 Jie means festival。 The most popular theory of the origin of the festival is that it was derived from the commemoration of a great patriot poet， Qu Yuan。 Since some of the well-known traditions of the festival existed even before Qu Yuan， other origins of the festival have also been suggested。
Wen Yiduo suggested that the festival may be closely associated with dragons because two of its most important activities， boat racing and eating zongzi， have ties to dragons。 Another view is that the festival originated from the taboo of evil days。 The fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar is traditionally considered an evil month and the fifth of the month is particularly a bad day， so a lot of taboo had been developed。
Most likely， the festival was gradually derived from all of the above， and the story of Qu Yuan adds to the allure of the festival today。
◉
The Legend of the Festival
Like other Chinese festivals， there is also a legend behind the festival。 Qu Yuan served in the court of Emperor Huai during the Warring States Period （475 - 221 BC）。 He was a wise and erudite man。 His ability and fight against corruption antagonized other court officials。 They exerted their evil influence on the emperor， so the emperor gradually dismissed Qu Yuan and eventually exiled him。
During his exile， Qu Yuan did not give up。 He traveled extensively， taught and wrote about his ideas。 His works， the Lament （Li Sao）， the Nine Chapters （Jiu Zhang）， and Wen tian are masterpieces and invaluable for studying ancient Chinese culture。 He saw the gradual decline of his mother country， the Chu State。 And when he heard that the Chu State was defeated by the strong Qin State， he was in such despair that he ended his life by flinging himself into the Miluo River。
Legend says after people heard he drowned， they were greatly dismayed。 Fishermen raced to the spot in their boats to search for his body。 Unable to find his body， people threw zongzi， eggs， and other food into the river to feed fish。 Since then， people commemorated Qu Yuan through dragon boat races， eating zongzi and other activities on the anniversary of his death， the fifth of the fifth month。
◉
Festival Foods
Zongzi is the most popular food for the festival。 It is a special kind of dumpling usually made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo leaves。 Unfortunately， fresh bamboo leaves are hard to find。
Today you may see zongzi in different shapes and with a variety of fillings。 The most popular shapes are triangular and pyramidal。 The fillings include dates， meat and egg yolks， but the most popular fillings are dates。
During the festival， people are reminded of the importance of loyalty and commitment to the community。 Dragon boat races may be Chinese in origin， but today they are held worldwide。
- ◆ -
注：中文文字為機器翻譯僅供參考，並非一一對應
含註釋全文：
The History of the Dragon Boat Festival
ThoughtCo.
The Dragon Boat Festival is called Duan Wu Jie in Chinese。 Jie means festival。 The most popular theory of the origin of the festival is that it wasderivedfrom thecommemorationof a great patriot poet，
Qu Yuan
。 Since some of the well-known traditions of the festival existed even before
Qu Yuan
， other origins of the festival have also been suggested。
龍舟節在中國被稱為“端午節”。Jie的意思是節日。關於這個節日的起源，最流行的說法是，它源自對偉大的愛國詩人屈原的紀念。由於該節日的一些著名傳統甚至在屈原之前就已經存在，因此也有人提出該節日的其他起源。
derive from sth
表示“來自於，源自”，英文解釋為“to come from something”舉個：
The English word “olive” is derived from the Latin word “oliva”。
英語的 olive 一詞源自拉丁語中的 oliva。
補充：
derive sth from sth表示“從…中得到，從…中獲得”（to get something from something else）舉個：
The institutederives all its money fromforeign investments。
該機構的資金均來自於國外投資。
Shederives great pleasure/satisfaction fromplaying the violin。
拉小提琴能讓她獲得極大的樂趣/滿足。
英劇《唐頓莊園》（Downton Abbey）中的臺詞提到：Lord Gillingham thought Lady Mary mightderive benefit from it。 吉利安姆子爵覺得瑪麗小姐去參加一下有好處。
《經濟學人》（The Economist）一篇講述2020年諾貝爾經濟學獎的文章中提到：Mr Milgrom （whose doctoral thesis was supervised by Mr Wilson）deriveda number of important lessonsfromhis analyses。 米爾格羅姆（威爾遜是他的博士論文導師）透過分析得出了許多重要經驗。
commemoration
表示“紀念；紀念活動”，英文解釋為“something that is done to remember officially and give respect to a great person or event”。
Wen Yiduo
suggested that the festival may be closely associated with dragons because two of its most important activities， boat racing and eating zongzi， have ties to dragons。 Another view is that the festivaloriginatedfrom thetabooof evil days。 The fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar is traditionally consideredan evil monthand the fifth of the month is particularly a bad day， so a lot of taboo had been developed。
聞一多認為，這個節日可能與龍密切相關，因為其最重要的兩項活動，即賽龍舟和吃粽子，都與龍有關。另一種觀點是，這個節日起源於對惡日的禁忌。中國農曆的第五個月在傳統上被認為是一個惡月，而每月的第五天尤其是一個壞日子，因此已經形成了很多禁忌。
originate
表示“起源，發源，發端；產生”，英文解釋為“to come from a particular place， time， situation， etc。”舉個：
Although the technologyoriginatedin the UK， it has been developed in the US。
儘管這項技術起源於英國，但它在美國得到了發展。
taboo
taboo /təˈbuː/ 表示“禁忌，忌諱”，英文解釋為“A taboo against a subject or activity is a social custom to avoid doing that activity or talking about that subject， because people find them embarrassing or offensive”舉個：
The topic of addiction remainssomething of a tabooin our family。
毒癮在我們家依然是個有些忌諱的話題。
宋穎。 端午節研究： 傳統， 國家與文化表述［D］。 中央民族大學， 2007。
Most likely， the festival was gradually derived from all of the above， and the story of Qu Yuan adds to theallureof the festival today。
最有可能的是，這個節日是由上述種種因素逐漸衍生出來的，而屈原的故事在今天更增加了這個節日的吸引力。
allure /əˈljʊə/
表示“誘惑；魅力；吸引力”，英文解釋為“the quality of being attractive， interesting， or exciting”如：the allure of working in television 電視行業工作所具有的吸引力。
◉ The
Legend
of the Festival 節日傳說
Like other Chinese festivals， there is also a legend behind the festival。
Qu Yuan
served in the court of
Emperor Huai
duringthe Warring States Period（475 - 221 BC）。 He was a wise anderuditeman。 His ability and fight against corruptionantagonizedother court officials。 Theyexertedtheir evil influence on the emperor， so the emperor graduallydismissedQu Yuan and eventuallyexiledhim。
像其他中國節日一樣，這個節日背後也有一個傳說。屈原在戰國時期（公元前475-221年）楚懷王的朝廷中任職。他是一個睿智而博學的人。他的能力和反腐鬥爭遭到其他朝廷官員排擠。他們對其進行誹謗，屈原逐漸被楚懷王罷免，並最終將他流放。
legend
1）表示“傳說；傳奇故事”，英文解釋為“a story from ancient times about people and events， that may or may not be true； this type of story”；
2）表示“（尤指某領域中的）傳奇人物”，英文解釋為“a very famous person， especially in a particular field， who is admired by other people”，如：a jazz/tennis legend 爵士樂/網球的傳奇人物。
erudite
erudite /ˈerudaɪt/ 表示“博學的；有學問的；博大精深的”，英文解釋為“having or containing a lot of knowledge that is known by very few people”舉個：
He‘s the author of anerudite bookon Scottish history。
他寫過一本博大精深的有關蘇格蘭歷史的著作。
antagonize
antagonize /ænˈtæɡəˌnaɪz/ 表示“使對抗，使對立；引起…的敵意（或反感）”，英文解釋為“to make someone dislike you or feel opposed to you”舉個：
It’s a very delicate situation and I‘ve no wish toantagonizehim。
這是一種很棘手的局面，而我無意使他和我反目成仇。
exert
exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ 表示“運用；行使（權威、權力等）；施加（影響等）”，英文解釋為“to use something such as authority， power， influence， etc。 in order to make something happen”舉個：
If you were toexert your influencethey might change their decision。
如果你能施加你的影響，他們或許會改變決定。
dismiss
1）表示“對…不予理會，摒棄，（從頭腦中）去除”，英文解釋為“to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering”舉個：
I think he’ddismissedme as an idiot within five minutes of meeting me。
我認為他和我見面5分鐘後就把我歸入了傻瓜之列。
2）表示“解僱；免職；開除”，英文解釋為“to officially remove sb from their job”舉個：
She claims she was unfairlydismissedfrom her post。
她聲稱自己被無理免職。
exile
exile /ˈɛɡzaɪl， ˈɛks-/ 表示“（尤指出於政治原因的）流放，放逐，流亡”，英文解釋為“to send someone away from their own country， village， etc。， especially for political reasons”舉個：
The monarch wasexiledbecause of the coup。
由於發生了政變，國王被迫流亡。
During his exile，
Qu Yuan
did not give up。 He traveled extensively， taught and wrote about his ideas。 His works， theLament（Li Sao）， the Nine Chapters （Jiu Zhang）， and Wen tian are masterpieces and invaluable for studying ancient Chinese culture。 He saw the gradual decline of his mother country， the
Chu State
。 And when he heard that the Chu State was defeated by the strong
Qin State
， he wasin such despair thathe ended his life byflinginghimself into the Miluo River。
在流放期間，屈原並沒有放棄。他四處遊歷，教書育人，寫下了自己的思想。他的作品《離騷》、《九章》和《天問》都是傑作，對研究中國古代文化非常有價值。他看到了他的祖國——楚國的逐漸衰落。當他聽說楚國被強大的秦國打敗時，他感到非常絕望，於是跳入汨羅江，結束了自己的生命。
lament
1）作動詞，表示“對…感到悲痛，對…表示失望，痛惜”，英文解釋為“to express sadness and feeling sorry about something”舉個：
My grandmother， as usual，lamentedthe decline in moral standards in today‘s society。
和往常一樣，我奶奶對當今社會世風日下深感痛惜。
2）作名詞，表示“輓歌；悼詩；悼文”，英文解釋為“a song， poem， or other piece of writing that expresses sadness about someone’s death”。
fling
1）表示“迅猛移動；猛地做…”，英文解釋為“to move or do something quickly and energetically”舉個：
Heflung himself downon the sofa。
他猛地撲倒在沙發上。
2）表示“猛扔，猛投，猛擲”，英文解釋為“to throw something or someone suddenly and with a lot of force”舉個：
He crumpled up the letter andflung it into the fire。
他把信揉成一團，猛地扔進火中。
Legend says after people heard he drowned， they were greatlydismayed。 Fishermen raced to the spot in their boats to search for his body。 Unable to find his body， people threw zongzi， eggs， and other food into the river to feed fish。 Since then， people commemorated
Qu Yuan
through dragon boat races， eating zongzi and other activities on the anniversary of his death， the fifth of the fifth month。
傳說中，人們聽說他被淹死後，大為驚愕。漁民們駕著船趕到現場，尋找他的屍體。由於找不到他的屍體，人們把粽子、雞蛋和其他食物扔進河裡餵魚。此後，人們在屈原的忌日，即五月初五，透過賽龍舟、吃粽子和其他活動來紀念他。
dismay
作動詞，表示“使恐慌；使悲傷”，英文解釋為“If youare dismayedby something， it makes you feel afraid， worried， or sad。”舉個：
The committeewas dismayedby what it had been told。
該委員會被所告知的情況搞得焦慮不安。
◉Festival Foods 節日食物
Zongzi is the most popular food for the festival。 It is a special kind of dumpling usually made ofglutinousricewrappedin bamboo leaves。 Unfortunately， fresh bamboo leaves are hard to find。
粽子是節日裡最受歡迎的食物。它是一種特殊的餃子，通常由竹葉包裹的糯米制成。不幸的是，新鮮的竹葉很難找到。
glutinous /ˈɡluːtɪnəs/
表示“粘質的”，英文解釋為“Something that is glutinous is very sticky。”舉個：
The sauce wasglutinousand tasted artificial。
種粘醬嚐起來感覺不自然。
wrap
表示“用…包裹；用…覆蓋”，英文解釋為“to cover someone with a piece of material in order to protect them”舉個：
Shewrappedthe baby in a blanket。
她用一條毯子把嬰兒包起來。
Today you may see zongzi in different shapes and with a variety of fillings。 The most popular shapes are triangular andpyramidal。 The fillings includedates， meat and egg yolks， but the most popular fillings are dates。
今天，你可能會看到不同形狀的粽子，並有各種餡料。最受歡迎的形狀是三角和錐體的。餡料包括紅棗、肉和蛋黃，但最受歡迎的餡料是紅棗。
pyramidal
表示“錐體的；金字塔形的；角錐狀的”，英文解釋為“Something that is pyramidal is shaped like a pyramid。”
date
熟詞僻義，表示“海棗，椰棗”，英文解釋為“A date is a small， dark-brown， sticky fruit with a stone inside。 Dates grow on palm trees in hot countries。”
During the festival， people are reminded of the importance of loyalty and commitment to the community。 Dragon boat races may be Chinese in origin， but today they are held worldwide。
這個節日警醒著人們，對社會忠誠和承諾的重要性。龍舟賽可能起源於中國，但今天它們在世界各地舉行。
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