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“感動中國2019年度人物”潘維廉教授:先放好大石頭,這是你成功的關鍵!

“感動中國2019年度人物”潘維廉教授:先放好大石頭,這是你成功的關鍵!

先放好大石頭,這是你成功的關鍵!

親愛的中國朋友們:

我喜歡玩雜耍,它讓人身心放鬆,另一個好處是,有科學依據證明玩雜耍能增加大腦的白質和灰質——對我來說是個好訊息,這正是我需要的。

我見過一些人一次可拋玩6到7個球,英國的亞歷克斯·巴倫(Alex Barron)憑藉同時拋玩11個球,登上了吉尼斯世界紀錄!對我來說,3個球已經夠難的了——玩583個球或每天處理583項任務簡直難以想象!

然而,這就是20世紀70年代美國經理人的日常。現在多虧網際網路、手機和社交網路的便捷,我們每天處理的事務數量翻了10倍。

無論你是一個運營公司的經理人,還是一個尋找時間練習英語口語的學生,你都需要停止雜耍,得把你的大石頭放在第一位。儘管這並不能保證成功,但如果你不能發現自己的大石頭,並將它們放在第一位,就很有可能註定失敗。

583個“球”

20世紀70年代,加拿大教授亨利·明茨伯格(Henry Mintzberg)發現,高管和經理們通常認為自己一天的時間花在了計劃、組織、領導和控制上,但事實上,他們平均每天有583項活動,每48秒一項任務!

一項針對160名英國經理人的調查發現,他們能夠花半個多小時完成一項任務的機會每兩天才一次。

這樣安排日程,經理們不僅沒有時間做計劃,甚至連思考的時間都沒有。他們只是對問題做出反應,試圖運轉這一切,就像個玩雜耍的人在空中同時拋著583個球。沒有時間思考,做出的反應不是基於實際發生的,而是基於經理人自身的期望和經驗——但在瞬息萬變的世界裡,昨天的經驗今天可能就已過時。

在節奏相對緩慢的20世紀70年代,管理者如果每天要處理583項任務,那麼想象一下如今被電子郵件、手機和社交媒體充斥的生活,又會是一番怎樣的場景。

不僅僅是經理人每天要面對十分繁忙的日程安排和十分複雜的緊急性需求,包括老師和學生在內的所有人都有著同樣的問題——除非你學會識別那些“大石頭”並把它們放在第一位,否則你永遠不會達到高效。

石頭罐的故事

幾年前,一位美國教授把一個空玻璃罐裝滿石頭,然後問道:“現在滿了嗎?”

“滿了,”學生們回答道。教授笑了笑,然後新增一些小石塊,再輕輕搖晃一下,這些鵝卵石就被篩到了底部。

“現在滿了?”

“沒有!”有了前車之鑑,學生們否定回答道。前車之鑑意味著你從錯誤中吸取教訓。如果被熱爐子燙著了,除了為數不多的享受疼痛的人,否則人們都不會再次碰那個灼熱的爐子。

教授慢慢地加入細沙,直到玻璃罐滿了。“現在滿了嗎?”

“沒有!”學生們喊道。

教授沿著罐沿往裡再加水,然後問道:“現在滿了嗎?”

大多數學生都給出了肯定答案,除了一個化學專業的學生說“沒有!”,因為他知道加一些鹽就可以減少水的體積。

“那你們從這次示範中學到了什麼?”教授問道。

因為這是節關於時間管理的課,所以我說:“時間擠一擠總是有的!”

“胡說!”他說,“一天只有24小時,消逝了就永遠回不來。丟了錢,你可以賺回來,但丟了時間,就永遠丟了。”

他說:“它告訴我們你必須先放大石頭,因為先加水、沙子和小石子,以後就永遠無法裝大石頭了。”

這是我20年的學生生涯裡最重要的一課。當然,大石頭是那些值得你最優先考慮的事情。小石頭也必須放進去,但晚些時候,或者有可能的話就委託他人來放。沙子是日常瑣事,應該總是交給別人來做。水代表浪費時間的小事,應當忽略。

“感動中國2019年度人物”潘維廉教授:先放好大石頭,這是你成功的關鍵!

展開活動調查,找到你的大石頭

把大石頭放在第一位,首先你必須瞭解它們是什麼。

要解決這個問題,你可以將一張紙分成兩欄,左邊一欄標上理論,右邊一欄標上現實。在理論這一欄,列出所有你認為必須完成的任務,用1到5的數值來評定它們的重要性。

在現實這一欄,用相同的等級(以便對兩邊進行比較)評估你在這些任務上實際花費的時間。

比如,在理論那一欄,你可把“每天練習20分鐘英語口語”評為5,但在現實那一欄,可把它評為1;或者你可以在理論那一欄,把“微信”評為2,而在現實那一欄評為5。

調查結束後,問自己三個問題(什麼,為什麼和怎麼做):

最失衡的是什麼?

為什麼會這樣?

怎樣解決,或者至少怎樣才能亡羊補牢?

節省時間需要花時間

“賺錢需要錢”是常識,但很少有人知道“節省時間也需要時間”。

攻讀全日制博士學位時,我還經營著一家公司,一天下來我得努力20個小時。所以聽到那個搖晃玻璃罐的故事後,我就每天早上將自己鎖在辦公室,讓我的秘書告訴別人我在開早會——那時辦公室裡其實只有我和一杯咖啡。

每天一早我便評估當天的任務,並安排好我的“大石頭”,餘下的事情,我要麼委託他人,要麼安排到下午做。

主動把大石頭放在第一位,我幾乎總能完成當天的主要任務。遇到不速之客,我會惋惜地說道:“很抱歉

(然而我完全不這麼認為)

,我早上10點安排了事情,下午1點也安排了——真沒時間了!抱歉!去找找愛德華茲先生吧……”

不先放置好大石頭,我的一天就會被一些小石頭、沙子和水給塞滿,到下午四五點,才發現竟然把大石頭給忘了,更不用說試圖完成它們了。這樣一來,我要麼工作到很晚,要麼得把工作帶回家——或者推到第二天。

“感動中國2019年度人物”潘維廉教授:先放好大石頭,這是你成功的關鍵!

大石頭第一的理念非常有用,實踐起來一點都不復雜,但它的作用只有在人們堅持不懈的情況下才會凸顯出來,這解釋了大多數人失敗的原因——俗話說,“凡事預則立,不預則廢。”

今天人們遠比20世紀70年代忙碌,當時經理人每天要處理583項任務。但據我所知,最有效率的人,包括一些億萬富翁,每天所處理的事情遠沒有583項。他們知道成功不是做更多的事情。成功是做更少的事情,並將它們做得更好。

這就是為什麼我會提醒學生,生意(business)這個英文單詞上寫的是“i”,而不是“y”(busyness 忙碌)。

20世紀90年代末,儘管我有著美好初衷,但還是陷入了明茨伯格說的“活動陷阱”。

當健康出現問題時,我開始拒絕他人的許多要求,把重心放在三個優先事項上:家庭、學生、講述中國故事。只有在遇到那些和我的經驗興趣特別匹配,或是我希望進一步瞭解的活動時,我才會同意。學會拒絕後,我參與的事情比“來者不拒”時要少很多,但我能完成的事情卻要多得多。

我的許多學生告訴我,他們想成為所在領域的領導者,但如果你連自己都領導不了,又怎能成為某個領域的領導者呢!

如果你管理不了自己的時間,別人會樂意為你“代勞”。所以無論人生目標是什麼,收回對時間的控制權,因為這是你最寶貴和無法替代的資源。

如果你有目標——提高英語口語、寫一本書、學武術——就不要找藉口,而是把它當成你的大石頭,然後把它放在第一位。

道理很簡單——但實踐起來不總是這麼回事,因為你不僅需要在今天將大石頭放在第一位,明天以及以後的每一天都是如此,直到你實現夢想。並且,即使一個夢想實現了,你仍舊需要將大石頭放在第一位——根據我以往經驗,一旦實現一個夢想,總有另一個夢想隨之而來。停止學習,停止夢想,就是否定生活的全部意義。

堅持夢想——確保它是一塊大石頭,而不只是一個白日夢!

潘維廉

2020年5月26日

點選下方影片,看老潘的英語分享

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Big Rocks First

– Key to Your Success!

May 26, 2020

Dear Chinese friends,

I love juggling because it’s a relaxing exercise, and an added benefit is that science has proven that juggling increases the brain’s white and gray matter – which is great news for me because I need all the help I can get。

I’ve seen some people juggle 6 or 7 balls at a time, and Alex Barron of the UK won the Guinness World Record by juggling 11! For me, juggling 3 balls is hard enough – so imagine juggling 583 balls – or tasks – each day?

Yet that’s exactly what the average American manager did in the 1970s。 And nowadays, thanks to the internet, mobile phones and social networking, we’re probably juggling ten times that。

Whether you’re a manager trying to keep a company together or a student seeking time to practice oral English, you need to stop juggling and put your Big Rocks first。 This won’t guarantee success, but failure to discover your Big Rocks and put them first will probably guarantee your failure。

583 Balls

In the 1970s, Canadian Professor Henry Mintzberg found that executives and managers typically believed that they spent their day planning, organizing, leading and controlling, but in reality they averaged 583 activities a day – one task every 48 seconds!

A study of 160 British managers found that only once in every two days were they able to spend over half an hour on one task。

With such a schedule, managers not only have no time to plan, they don’t even think。 They simply react to problems, trying to keep everything going like a juggler with 583 balls in the air。 With no time to think, reactions are based not on what is really happening but on the manager’s expectations, based on their experience – but in our rapidly changing world, yesterday’s experience may be outdated today。

If managers juggled 583 tasks a day in the slower 1970s, just imagine life today with email, mobile phones and social media。

And it’s not just managers who are juggling impossibly complex schedules and competing demands。 Everyone, including teachers and students, face the same issues, and you’ll never be fully effective unless you learn to identify the “big rocks” and put them first。

The Rock Jar Story

Years ago, an American professor filled an empty glass jar to the brim with rocks and asked, “Is it full?”

“Yes,” the students answered。 The professor smiled, and then added tiny rocks as he shook the jar gently, letting the pebbles sift to the bottom。

“It is full now?”

“No!” said the twice-burned students。 Twice-burned means you learn from mistakes。 If you burn yourself on a hot stove, you don’t touch it twice unless you’re one of those few people who actually enjoy pain。

The professor slowly added fine sand until it was full。 “Is it full now?”

“No!” shouted the students。

He added water to the very brim and asked, “Is it full now?”

“Yes!” said most students, though a chemistry major said “No!” because he knew that adding salt could actually decrease water’s volume。

“So what is the lesson of this demonstration?” asked the professor。

We knew it was about time management, so I said, “There is always more time!”

“Nonsense,” he said。 “There are only 24 hours in a day, and once it is gone, it is gone forever。 If you lose money, you can earn it back, but if you lose time, it is gone forever。”

“The lesson,” he said, “is that you must put the big rocks in first, because if you first add water, sand and little rocks, you’ll never get the big rocks in later。”

That was one of the most important lessons I learned in 20 years of school。 Big Rocks, of course, are your greatest priorities。 Small rocks must also get done but later – or delegate them if you can。 Sand is the daily chores, which should always be delegated。 Water is the time wasters that you should ignore。

Find Your Big Rocks

with an Activity Survey

To put your big rocks first, you must first discover what they are。

You can do this by making two columns on a sheet of paper, the left one labeled Theory and the right one Reality。 Under Theory, list all tasks that you believe you must do, and rate their importance on a 1 to 5 scale。

Under Reality, use the same 1 to 5 scale (so you can compare the two sides) to rate how much time you really spend on those tasks。

For example, under Theory, you may rate “practice oral English 20 minutes a day” as 5, but under Reality give it a 1。 Or you might rate “WeChat” as a 2 under Theory but a 5 under Reality。

After your survey, ask yourself 3 questions (what, why and how):

1。 What are the biggest imbalances?

2。 Why do I have them?

3。 How can I fix them, or at least compensate for them?

It Takes Time to Save Time

“It takes money to make money” is common knowledge but few understand that it also “takes time to save time。”

I was running a business while doing a PhD full time, and struggling with 20 hour days。 So as soon as I heard the Rock Jar Story, I began each day locked in my office while my secretary told everyone I was in my morning meeting – which was just me and a cup of coffee。

I reviewed each day’s activities and scheduled my big rocks early in the day, and I either delegated the rest or scheduled them in the afternoon。

When I proactively put my big rocks first, I almost always finished that day’s key tasks。 People still dropped in with unexpected demands but I would sigh and say, “I’m so sorry (though I wasn’t sorry at all) but I have this at 10 AM, and this at 1 PM – no time! Sorry! Please see Mr。 Edwards。。。”

But if I did not put the big rocks first, my day would fill up with little rocks, sand and water and by 4 or 5 PM I’d find I had not even thought about the big rocks, much less attempted to finish them, and I’d either work late or take my work home – or have even more to do the next day。

Big Rocks First is a powerful but simple concept, but it only works when done consistently over time, which is why most people fail – but as the saying goes, “You either fail to plan or you plan to fail。”

Today is far more hectic than the simpler 1970s when managers juggled 583 tasks per day, but the most effective people I know, including a few billionaires, do not come close to 583 tasks a day。 They know that success is not doing more things; success is doing fewer things, but doing them better。

That’s why I remind my students that business is spelled with an “i,” not a “y” (busyness)。

In the late 1990s, in spite of my best intentions, I too got caught up in what Mintzberg calls the “activity trap。”

When my health broke down I began to say no to many of the demands made upon me, focusing on my three priorities: family, students, telling China’s story。 The only time I agreed to other activities was when they were either uniquely suited to my experience and interests, or they were something I wanted to learn more about。 Since I began saying no, I’ve done much less yet accomplished far more than I did during the days when I said “yes” to everyone。

Lastly – many of my students say they want to become leaders in their fields, but you cannot be a leader if you cannot even lead yourself。

If you don’t manage your time, others will happily manage it for you, so whatever your goal in life, take back control of time, your most precious and irreplaceable resource。 And if you have a goal – improve oral English, write a book, learn martial arts – stop making excuses and make it one of your Big Rocks, and then put that Big Rock First。

It’s that simple – but simple isn’t always easy because you need persistence in putting the Big Rocks First today, tomorrow and every day until you accomplish your dream。 And even then it does not end because, in my experience, once I’ve achieved one dream, there’s always another dream building upon what I’ve just learned。 To stop learning and dreaming is to abandon one’s whole reason for living。

Dream – and then make sure that dream is a Big Rock so it is not just a day dream!

Bill Brown

潘維廉教授及新書簡介

《老潘寫給青少年的18封信》是由新航道國際教育集團策劃、外文出版社出版的一本寫給青少年的中英雙語書信集。

本書的作者是廈門大學工商管理教育(MBA)中心美籍專家、教授潘維廉。潘教授在中國已生活30餘年,是CCTV “感動中國2019年度人物”,也是新航道和中國教育電視臺聯合主辦的“用英語講中國故事”活動的形象大使

這是潘教授寫給青少年的首本英漢對照書信集。

在書中,他分享了自己對語言學習、家庭教育、跨文化交流等問題的思考,並收錄他本人英語讀信的影片。

書信言辭真切不乏幽默,是他獻給中國孩子的一份充滿智慧的誠意之作。

本文圖片基於CC0協議使用

特別宣告:以上文章內容僅代表作者本人觀點,不代表新浪網觀點或立場。如有關於作品內容、版權或其它問題請於作品發表後的30日內與新浪網聯絡。

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