治外法權 exterritoriality

指一國的法律在其境外實施。在國際法上，由於外交官員雖然實際是在外國的領土內，但因享有治外法權，故仍視為受本國的法律管轄，而不受其駐在國的法律管轄，因而享有各種外交代表豁免權及其他特權。享有治外法權的除外交官員外，尚有外國元首，經同意進入領海的外國軍艦、軍隊等。治外法權與領事裁判權〔consular jurisdiction〕不同。

In international law， extraterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law， usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations。 Historically， this primarily applied to individuals， as jurisdiction was usually claimed on peoples rather than on lands。 Extraterritoriality can also be applied to physical places， such as foreign embassies， military bases of foreign countries， or offices of the United Nations。 The three most common cases recognized today internationally relate to the persons and belongings of foreign heads of state， the persons and belongings of ambassadors and other diplomats， and ships in international waters。相關例句如下：

例句1

Extraterritoriality， in this sense， emerges from the interaction of these two conceptions of jurisdiction， personal and territorial， when laws are applied based on who a person is rather than where they are。

從這個意義上說，治外法權產生於這兩種管轄權概念，即屬人管轄權和屬地管轄權的相互作用，適用法律的依據是一個人是誰，而不是他們在哪裡。

例句2

In the modern day， extraterritoriality can take various forms。 Most famous are examples of diplomatic extraterritoriality， where diplomats and their belongings do not operate under the laws of their host nations， but rather， under the laws of the diplomat’s nation。

在現代，治外法權可以採取多種形式。最著名的是外交治外法權的例子，即外交官及其財產不根據東道國的法律運作，而是根據外交官所在國的法律運作。